King Henry II Curtmantle Of England [Parents] ^{1, 2, 3} was born ^{4, 5} 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, Anjou, France. He died ^{6, 7} 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, France from Blood poisoning from an anal fistula and grief at his son, John's treachery and was buried 10 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. Henry married Avice de Stafford on mistress.

Henry 1154/1189. He. He was adopted ¹⁰ 25 Dec 1153 in Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England. He 1164.

Other marriages:

, Eleanor of Aquitaine
, Rosamunde de Clifford
, Alice
, Ykenai
DE CLARE, Rohese of Lincoln
, Nesta
, Unknown
, Alys of France

King of England

In appearance, he had a lionlike face and cropped red hair; "his countenance was one upon which a man might gaze a thousand times, yet still feel drawn to return to gaze upon again."  He was "of middle height, reddish, freckled complexion, with a large round head, grey eyes which glowed fiercely and gew bloodshot in anger, a fiery countenance and a harsh, cracked voice."  His bull-like neck "was somewhat thrust forward from his shoulders, his chest was broad and square, his arms stong and powerful.  His frame was stocky with a pronounced tendency to corpulence, which he tempered by exercise."  Throughout his life he was obsessed with keeping his weight down, through rigorous diets, fasting, or punishing sporting activity. "In agility of limb he was seocnd to none, failing in no feat which anyone else could perform."

Constitutions of Clarendon - Henry II insisted they merely restated the laws and customs of his grandfather Henry I's time

Henry II was the first Plantagenet King of England (1154-1189, Duke of Normandy (1150-1189) and Count of Anjou (1151-1189), son of Geoffrey Plantagenet & Matilda.  By his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine he acquired her vast domains in southwest France.  He restored order to an England ravaged by the civil wars of Stephen's reign.  He subdued the barons, continued administrative reform and strenghtened royal justice.  It was said that a virgin could walk from one end of the realm to the other with her bosom full of gold and suffer no harm, and that evil barons had vanished like phantoms.  His judgements were reputed to be so just that anyone with a sound case was anxious to have it heard by him, while those with dubious cases would not come before him unless they were dragged into court.  Another change was the gradual eplacement of trial by ordeal with trial by jury.  During Henry II's reign, the foundations of English common law were laid down.  His attempts to control the clergy led to conflict with Becket, and a compromise was reached after Becket's murder in 1170.  Henry made three successful attacks against the Welsh (1157, 1163, 1165), and one against Ireland (1171).  His last years were taken up with the revolt of his four sons.
   Since the marriage of Henry II to Eleanor of Aquitaine the wines of Bordeaux had been favored in England.  Records of the Lorraine wine fleet during the reign of Henry II [1154-1189] show that Henry's chamberlain came aboard the ships and selected, by right of prisage, a ton of wine from vessels carrying more than 21 tons.  The chamberlain also had the right to buy more wine for the royal household or troops, at a favorable price, before the cargo was turned over to the "lawful merchants of London."
    Even after he became King, Henry II disdained the trappings of sovereignty.  He did not need them anyway, for his very presence was enough to quell those who would have opposed him and reduce mighty lords to servility.  He nevertheless remained the most affable of monarchs, although no one ever mistook his geniality for a want of sovereign authority.  In a crisis Henry ususally stayed calem and decisive, and his sense of humour often served himwell.  Once, after a storymy clash with the King, Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, approached him with trepidation as Henry sat on the ground in the forest with his courtiers in a circle.  Since Henry had forbidden anyone to acknowledge Hugh's presence, no one rose to greet him, but Bishop Hugh, undaunted, eased an earl out of his place beside the King and sat down.  There was a long, brooding silence, finally broken by Henry who, unable to do nothing, called for neddle and thread and began to stitch up (as was his habit) a leather bandage on an injured finger.  Again, there was a heavy silence until Bishop Hugh casually remarked, "How like your cousins of Falaise you look" - a droll reference to William the Conqueror's mother, who had been a tanner's daughter from Falaise.  At this, the King's anger fled from him and he burst into laughter which sent him rolling on the ground. Many were amazed at the Bishop's temerity, others puzzled, until the King, recovering his composure, explained the gibe to them.  
     His favorite oath was "By the eyes of God" which was considered blasphemous in the extreme.  He was eloquent in argument, had a sharp wit, and particularly enjoyed a joke at someone else's expense.  Henry's temper was truly spectacular, and needed little provocation.  His normally benign expression would suddenly change dramatically as his face became empurpled with fury.  When in a rage, he would often throw himself on the ground, roll yelling on the floor, or grind his teeth on the rushes.  On one occasion, he fell screaming with anger out of bed, gouged the stuffing out of his mattress, and crammed it into his mouth.  When angry he could be vindictive.  When Ralph d'Albini flung a stone at the King at Bedford Castle - a gross insult - the King merely confiscated one of his estates.
    For a man of his time, Henry could be surprisingly tolerant.  Unlike other Chrisitian rulers, he refused to persecute the Jews, and he offered asylum to Albigensian heretics who had fled from persecution in the south of France.  Yet, like most people of his time, he regarded homosexuality as an offence against God, and authorized the torture of some Templars who had been arrested on suspicion of that and other unnatrual practices; they confessed and were severely punished.  The was the first time that torture was used under royal warrant in England.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Avice de Stafford ¹ married King Henry II Curtmantle Of England on mistress.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

King Henry II Curtmantle Of England [Parents] ^{1, 2, 3} was born ^{4, 5} 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, Anjou, France. He died ^{6, 7} 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, France from Blood poisoning from an anal fistula and grief at his son, John's treachery and was buried 10 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. Henry married ^{3, 8} Nesta on Mistress.

Henry 1154/1189. He. He was adopted ¹¹ 25 Dec 1153 in Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England. He 1164.

Other marriages:

, Eleanor of Aquitaine
, Rosamunde de Clifford
, Alice
, Ykenai
DE CLARE, Rohese of Lincoln
, Avice de Stafford
, Unknown
, Alys of France

King of England

In appearance, he had a lionlike face and cropped red hair; "his countenance was one upon which a man might gaze a thousand times, yet still feel drawn to return to gaze upon again."  He was "of middle height, reddish, freckled complexion, with a large round head, grey eyes which glowed fiercely and gew bloodshot in anger, a fiery countenance and a harsh, cracked voice."  His bull-like neck "was somewhat thrust forward from his shoulders, his chest was broad and square, his arms stong and powerful.  His frame was stocky with a pronounced tendency to corpulence, which he tempered by exercise."  Throughout his life he was obsessed with keeping his weight down, through rigorous diets, fasting, or punishing sporting activity. "In agility of limb he was seocnd to none, failing in no feat which anyone else could perform."

Constitutions of Clarendon - Henry II insisted they merely restated the laws and customs of his grandfather Henry I's time

Henry II was the first Plantagenet King of England (1154-1189, Duke of Normandy (1150-1189) and Count of Anjou (1151-1189), son of Geoffrey Plantagenet & Matilda.  By his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine he acquired her vast domains in southwest France.  He restored order to an England ravaged by the civil wars of Stephen's reign.  He subdued the barons, continued administrative reform and strenghtened royal justice.  It was said that a virgin could walk from one end of the realm to the other with her bosom full of gold and suffer no harm, and that evil barons had vanished like phantoms.  His judgements were reputed to be so just that anyone with a sound case was anxious to have it heard by him, while those with dubious cases would not come before him unless they were dragged into court.  Another change was the gradual eplacement of trial by ordeal with trial by jury.  During Henry II's reign, the foundations of English common law were laid down.  His attempts to control the clergy led to conflict with Becket, and a compromise was reached after Becket's murder in 1170.  Henry made three successful attacks against the Welsh (1157, 1163, 1165), and one against Ireland (1171).  His last years were taken up with the revolt of his four sons.
   Since the marriage of Henry II to Eleanor of Aquitaine the wines of Bordeaux had been favored in England.  Records of the Lorraine wine fleet during the reign of Henry II [1154-1189] show that Henry's chamberlain came aboard the ships and selected, by right of prisage, a ton of wine from vessels carrying more than 21 tons.  The chamberlain also had the right to buy more wine for the royal household or troops, at a favorable price, before the cargo was turned over to the "lawful merchants of London."
    Even after he became King, Henry II disdained the trappings of sovereignty.  He did not need them anyway, for his very presence was enough to quell those who would have opposed him and reduce mighty lords to servility.  He nevertheless remained the most affable of monarchs, although no one ever mistook his geniality for a want of sovereign authority.  In a crisis Henry ususally stayed calem and decisive, and his sense of humour often served himwell.  Once, after a storymy clash with the King, Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, approached him with trepidation as Henry sat on the ground in the forest with his courtiers in a circle.  Since Henry had forbidden anyone to acknowledge Hugh's presence, no one rose to greet him, but Bishop Hugh, undaunted, eased an earl out of his place beside the King and sat down.  There was a long, brooding silence, finally broken by Henry who, unable to do nothing, called for neddle and thread and began to stitch up (as was his habit) a leather bandage on an injured finger.  Again, there was a heavy silence until Bishop Hugh casually remarked, "How like your cousins of Falaise you look" - a droll reference to William the Conqueror's mother, who had been a tanner's daughter from Falaise.  At this, the King's anger fled from him and he burst into laughter which sent him rolling on the ground. Many were amazed at the Bishop's temerity, others puzzled, until the King, recovering his composure, explained the gibe to them.  
     His favorite oath was "By the eyes of God" which was considered blasphemous in the extreme.  He was eloquent in argument, had a sharp wit, and particularly enjoyed a joke at someone else's expense.  Henry's temper was truly spectacular, and needed little provocation.  His normally benign expression would suddenly change dramatically as his face became empurpled with fury.  When in a rage, he would often throw himself on the ground, roll yelling on the floor, or grind his teeth on the rushes.  On one occasion, he fell screaming with anger out of bed, gouged the stuffing out of his mattress, and crammed it into his mouth.  When angry he could be vindictive.  When Ralph d'Albini flung a stone at the King at Bedford Castle - a gross insult - the King merely confiscated one of his estates.
    For a man of his time, Henry could be surprisingly tolerant.  Unlike other Chrisitian rulers, he refused to persecute the Jews, and he offered asylum to Albigensian heretics who had fled from persecution in the south of France.  Yet, like most people of his time, he regarded homosexuality as an offence against God, and authorized the torture of some Templars who had been arrested on suspicion of that and other unnatrual practices; they confessed and were severely punished.  The was the first time that torture was used under royal warrant in England.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Nesta ¹ married ^{1, 2} King Henry II Curtmantle Of England on Mistress.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

King Henry II Curtmantle Of England [Parents] ^{1, 2, 3} was born ^{4, 5} 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, Anjou, France. He died ^{6, 7} 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, France from Blood poisoning from an anal fistula and grief at his son, John's treachery and was buried 10 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. Henry married Unknown on Mistress.

Henry 1154/1189. He. He was adopted ¹⁰ 25 Dec 1153 in Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England. He 1164.

Other marriages:

, Eleanor of Aquitaine
, Rosamunde de Clifford
, Alice
, Ykenai
DE CLARE, Rohese of Lincoln
, Avice de Stafford
, Nesta
, Alys of France

King of England

In appearance, he had a lionlike face and cropped red hair; "his countenance was one upon which a man might gaze a thousand times, yet still feel drawn to return to gaze upon again."  He was "of middle height, reddish, freckled complexion, with a large round head, grey eyes which glowed fiercely and gew bloodshot in anger, a fiery countenance and a harsh, cracked voice."  His bull-like neck "was somewhat thrust forward from his shoulders, his chest was broad and square, his arms stong and powerful.  His frame was stocky with a pronounced tendency to corpulence, which he tempered by exercise."  Throughout his life he was obsessed with keeping his weight down, through rigorous diets, fasting, or punishing sporting activity. "In agility of limb he was seocnd to none, failing in no feat which anyone else could perform."

Constitutions of Clarendon - Henry II insisted they merely restated the laws and customs of his grandfather Henry I's time

Henry II was the first Plantagenet King of England (1154-1189, Duke of Normandy (1150-1189) and Count of Anjou (1151-1189), son of Geoffrey Plantagenet & Matilda.  By his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine he acquired her vast domains in southwest France.  He restored order to an England ravaged by the civil wars of Stephen's reign.  He subdued the barons, continued administrative reform and strenghtened royal justice.  It was said that a virgin could walk from one end of the realm to the other with her bosom full of gold and suffer no harm, and that evil barons had vanished like phantoms.  His judgements were reputed to be so just that anyone with a sound case was anxious to have it heard by him, while those with dubious cases would not come before him unless they were dragged into court.  Another change was the gradual eplacement of trial by ordeal with trial by jury.  During Henry II's reign, the foundations of English common law were laid down.  His attempts to control the clergy led to conflict with Becket, and a compromise was reached after Becket's murder in 1170.  Henry made three successful attacks against the Welsh (1157, 1163, 1165), and one against Ireland (1171).  His last years were taken up with the revolt of his four sons.
   Since the marriage of Henry II to Eleanor of Aquitaine the wines of Bordeaux had been favored in England.  Records of the Lorraine wine fleet during the reign of Henry II [1154-1189] show that Henry's chamberlain came aboard the ships and selected, by right of prisage, a ton of wine from vessels carrying more than 21 tons.  The chamberlain also had the right to buy more wine for the royal household or troops, at a favorable price, before the cargo was turned over to the "lawful merchants of London."
    Even after he became King, Henry II disdained the trappings of sovereignty.  He did not need them anyway, for his very presence was enough to quell those who would have opposed him and reduce mighty lords to servility.  He nevertheless remained the most affable of monarchs, although no one ever mistook his geniality for a want of sovereign authority.  In a crisis Henry ususally stayed calem and decisive, and his sense of humour often served himwell.  Once, after a storymy clash with the King, Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, approached him with trepidation as Henry sat on the ground in the forest with his courtiers in a circle.  Since Henry had forbidden anyone to acknowledge Hugh's presence, no one rose to greet him, but Bishop Hugh, undaunted, eased an earl out of his place beside the King and sat down.  There was a long, brooding silence, finally broken by Henry who, unable to do nothing, called for neddle and thread and began to stitch up (as was his habit) a leather bandage on an injured finger.  Again, there was a heavy silence until Bishop Hugh casually remarked, "How like your cousins of Falaise you look" - a droll reference to William the Conqueror's mother, who had been a tanner's daughter from Falaise.  At this, the King's anger fled from him and he burst into laughter which sent him rolling on the ground. Many were amazed at the Bishop's temerity, others puzzled, until the King, recovering his composure, explained the gibe to them.  
     His favorite oath was "By the eyes of God" which was considered blasphemous in the extreme.  He was eloquent in argument, had a sharp wit, and particularly enjoyed a joke at someone else's expense.  Henry's temper was truly spectacular, and needed little provocation.  His normally benign expression would suddenly change dramatically as his face became empurpled with fury.  When in a rage, he would often throw himself on the ground, roll yelling on the floor, or grind his teeth on the rushes.  On one occasion, he fell screaming with anger out of bed, gouged the stuffing out of his mattress, and crammed it into his mouth.  When angry he could be vindictive.  When Ralph d'Albini flung a stone at the King at Bedford Castle - a gross insult - the King merely confiscated one of his estates.
    For a man of his time, Henry could be surprisingly tolerant.  Unlike other Chrisitian rulers, he refused to persecute the Jews, and he offered asylum to Albigensian heretics who had fled from persecution in the south of France.  Yet, like most people of his time, he regarded homosexuality as an offence against God, and authorized the torture of some Templars who had been arrested on suspicion of that and other unnatrual practices; they confessed and were severely punished.  The was the first time that torture was used under royal warrant in England.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Unknown ^{1, 2} married King Henry II Curtmantle Of England on Mistress.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

King Henry II Curtmantle Of England [Parents] ^{1, 2, 3} was born ^{4, 5} 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, Anjou, France. He died ^{6, 7} 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, France from Blood poisoning from an anal fistula and grief at his son, John's treachery and was buried 10 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. Henry married ^{3, 8} Princess Alys of France on Mistress.

Henry 1154/1189. He. He was adopted ¹¹ 25 Dec 1153 in Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England. He 1164.

Other marriages:

, Eleanor of Aquitaine
, Rosamunde de Clifford
, Alice
, Ykenai
DE CLARE, Rohese of Lincoln
, Avice de Stafford
, Nesta
, Unknown

King of England

In appearance, he had a lionlike face and cropped red hair; "his countenance was one upon which a man might gaze a thousand times, yet still feel drawn to return to gaze upon again."  He was "of middle height, reddish, freckled complexion, with a large round head, grey eyes which glowed fiercely and gew bloodshot in anger, a fiery countenance and a harsh, cracked voice."  His bull-like neck "was somewhat thrust forward from his shoulders, his chest was broad and square, his arms stong and powerful.  His frame was stocky with a pronounced tendency to corpulence, which he tempered by exercise."  Throughout his life he was obsessed with keeping his weight down, through rigorous diets, fasting, or punishing sporting activity. "In agility of limb he was seocnd to none, failing in no feat which anyone else could perform."

Constitutions of Clarendon - Henry II insisted they merely restated the laws and customs of his grandfather Henry I's time

Henry II was the first Plantagenet King of England (1154-1189, Duke of Normandy (1150-1189) and Count of Anjou (1151-1189), son of Geoffrey Plantagenet & Matilda.  By his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine he acquired her vast domains in southwest France.  He restored order to an England ravaged by the civil wars of Stephen's reign.  He subdued the barons, continued administrative reform and strenghtened royal justice.  It was said that a virgin could walk from one end of the realm to the other with her bosom full of gold and suffer no harm, and that evil barons had vanished like phantoms.  His judgements were reputed to be so just that anyone with a sound case was anxious to have it heard by him, while those with dubious cases would not come before him unless they were dragged into court.  Another change was the gradual eplacement of trial by ordeal with trial by jury.  During Henry II's reign, the foundations of English common law were laid down.  His attempts to control the clergy led to conflict with Becket, and a compromise was reached after Becket's murder in 1170.  Henry made three successful attacks against the Welsh (1157, 1163, 1165), and one against Ireland (1171).  His last years were taken up with the revolt of his four sons.
   Since the marriage of Henry II to Eleanor of Aquitaine the wines of Bordeaux had been favored in England.  Records of the Lorraine wine fleet during the reign of Henry II [1154-1189] show that Henry's chamberlain came aboard the ships and selected, by right of prisage, a ton of wine from vessels carrying more than 21 tons.  The chamberlain also had the right to buy more wine for the royal household or troops, at a favorable price, before the cargo was turned over to the "lawful merchants of London."
    Even after he became King, Henry II disdained the trappings of sovereignty.  He did not need them anyway, for his very presence was enough to quell those who would have opposed him and reduce mighty lords to servility.  He nevertheless remained the most affable of monarchs, although no one ever mistook his geniality for a want of sovereign authority.  In a crisis Henry ususally stayed calem and decisive, and his sense of humour often served himwell.  Once, after a storymy clash with the King, Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, approached him with trepidation as Henry sat on the ground in the forest with his courtiers in a circle.  Since Henry had forbidden anyone to acknowledge Hugh's presence, no one rose to greet him, but Bishop Hugh, undaunted, eased an earl out of his place beside the King and sat down.  There was a long, brooding silence, finally broken by Henry who, unable to do nothing, called for neddle and thread and began to stitch up (as was his habit) a leather bandage on an injured finger.  Again, there was a heavy silence until Bishop Hugh casually remarked, "How like your cousins of Falaise you look" - a droll reference to William the Conqueror's mother, who had been a tanner's daughter from Falaise.  At this, the King's anger fled from him and he burst into laughter which sent him rolling on the ground. Many were amazed at the Bishop's temerity, others puzzled, until the King, recovering his composure, explained the gibe to them.  
     His favorite oath was "By the eyes of God" which was considered blasphemous in the extreme.  He was eloquent in argument, had a sharp wit, and particularly enjoyed a joke at someone else's expense.  Henry's temper was truly spectacular, and needed little provocation.  His normally benign expression would suddenly change dramatically as his face became empurpled with fury.  When in a rage, he would often throw himself on the ground, roll yelling on the floor, or grind his teeth on the rushes.  On one occasion, he fell screaming with anger out of bed, gouged the stuffing out of his mattress, and crammed it into his mouth.  When angry he could be vindictive.  When Ralph d'Albini flung a stone at the King at Bedford Castle - a gross insult - the King merely confiscated one of his estates.
    For a man of his time, Henry could be surprisingly tolerant.  Unlike other Chrisitian rulers, he refused to persecute the Jews, and he offered asylum to Albigensian heretics who had fled from persecution in the south of France.  Yet, like most people of his time, he regarded homosexuality as an offence against God, and authorized the torture of some Templars who had been arrested on suspicion of that and other unnatrual practices; they confessed and were severely punished.  The was the first time that torture was used under royal warrant in England.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Princess Alys of France [Parents] ^{1, 2, 3} was born ⁴ 4 Oct 1160 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Normandy, France. She died ⁵ 1198. Alys married ^{3, 6} King Henry II Curtmantle Of England on Mistress. There were other parents.

Other marriages:

, William III of Ponthieu

Betrothed to Richard I, King of England.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

King Louis VII The Younger of France ^{1, 2, 3} was born ⁴ about 1121 in Fountainbleu, France. He died ⁵ 18 Sep 1180 in Paris, France from Complications of Stroke and was buried ⁶ 19 Sep 1180 in Barbeau, Seine-Et-Marne, France. Louis married Eleanor of Aquitaine on 25 Jul 1137 in Saint-André, Bordeaux, France.

Louis 25 Oct 1131 Rheims, France. He.

Other marriages:

,
,

Crowned (as was custom, during his father's lifetime) by the Pope

Spent his childhood as a "child monk" since as the second son, he was destined for the church until his older brother was killed.  He was educated at the Abbey  of Saint-Denis, near Paris, under the supervision of Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis.  He was sweet-tempered, unwordly and pious, thus ideally suited to the church.  He would burst into tears at the slightest upset and was occasionally given to irrational and even violent outbursts of temper.  He was tall and muscular, with long fair hair, blue eyes, innately courteous, with a disarming smile.  Only a large nose marred his looks.  Throughout his life he maintained a childlike air of simplicity.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Eleanor of Aquitaine ¹ was born about 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Bordeaux, France. She died 1 Apr 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Fontevrault L'Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. Eleanor married King Louis VII The Younger of France on 25 Jul 1137 in Saint-André, Bordeaux, France.

Eleanor 25 Dec 1137 Bourges, France.

Other marriages:

, Henry II Curtmantle Of England

Crowned Queen of France

Queen of England

She was named Aliénore, a pun on the Latin alia-Aenor, "the other Eleanor," to differentiate her from her mother.

Bernard of Clairvaux - The garments of court ladies are fashioned from the finest tissues of wool or silk.  A costly fur between two layers of rich stuffs forms the lining and border of their cloaks.  Their arms are loaded with bracelets; from their ears hang pendants, enshrining precious stones.  For headdress they have a kerchief of fine linen which they drape about their neck and shoulders, allowing one corner to fall over the left arm.  This is the wimple, ordinarily fastened to their brows by a chaplet, a filet, or a circle of wrought gold.

He likened Eleanor to one of those daughters of Belial who, got up in this way, put on airs, walk with heads high and mincing steps, their necks thrust forward, and, furnished and adorned as only temples should be, they drag after them trains of precious material that makes a cloud of dust.  Some you see are not so much adorned as loaded down with ornaments of gold, silver, and precious stones, and all the raiment of a court, indeed with everything that pertains to queenly splendour.

Geoffrey de Vigeois - They have clothes fashioned of rich and precious stuffs, in colours to suit their humour.  They snip out the cloth in rings and long slashes to show the lining beneath, and the borders of the clothes are cut into little balls and pointed tongues, so that they look like the devils in paintings.  They slash their mantles, and their sleeves flow like those of hermits.  Youths affect long hair and shoes with pointed toes.

Niketas Choniates (Greek chronicler writing abt 50 years after the Second Crusade began) - ...even women travelled in the ranks of the crusaders, boldly sitting astride in their saddles as men do, dressed as men and armed with lance and battle axe.  They kept a martial mien, bold as Amazons.  At the head of these was one in particular, richly-dressed, who, because of the gold embroidery on the hem of her dress, was nicknamed Chrysopus [Golden Foot].  The elegance of her bearing and the freedom of her movements recalled Penthesilea, the celebrated leader of the Amazons.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

King Louis VII The Younger of France ^{1, 2, 3} was born ⁴ about 1121 in Fountainbleu, France. He died ⁵ 18 Sep 1180 in Paris, France from Complications of Stroke and was buried ⁶ 19 Sep 1180 in Barbeau, Seine-Et-Marne, France. Louis was married 1154 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais, France.

Louis 25 Oct 1131 Rheims, France. He.

Other marriages:

, Eleanor of Aquitaine
, Eleanor of Aquitaine

Crowned (as was custom, during his father's lifetime) by the Pope

Spent his childhood as a "child monk" since as the second son, he was destined for the church until his older brother was killed.  He was educated at the Abbey  of Saint-Denis, near Paris, under the supervision of Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis.  He was sweet-tempered, unwordly and pious, thus ideally suited to the church.  He would burst into tears at the slightest upset and was occasionally given to irrational and even violent outbursts of temper.  He was tall and muscular, with long fair hair, blue eyes, innately courteous, with a disarming smile.  Only a large nose marred his looks.  Throughout his life he maintained a childlike air of simplicity.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

King Louis VII The Younger of France ^{1, 2, 3} was born ⁴ about 1121 in Fountainbleu, France. He died ⁵ 18 Sep 1180 in Paris, France from Complications of Stroke and was buried ⁶ 19 Sep 1180 in Barbeau, Seine-Et-Marne, France. Louis was married ^{3, 7} 13 Nov 1160.

Louis 25 Oct 1131 Rheims, France. He.

Other marriages:

, Eleanor of Aquitaine
, Eleanor of Aquitaine

Crowned (as was custom, during his father's lifetime) by the Pope

Spent his childhood as a "child monk" since as the second son, he was destined for the church until his older brother was killed.  He was educated at the Abbey  of Saint-Denis, near Paris, under the supervision of Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis.  He was sweet-tempered, unwordly and pious, thus ideally suited to the church.  He would burst into tears at the slightest upset and was occasionally given to irrational and even violent outbursts of temper.  He was tall and muscular, with long fair hair, blue eyes, innately courteous, with a disarming smile.  Only a large nose marred his looks.  Throughout his life he maintained a childlike air of simplicity.

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King Phillip II Augustus of France [Parents] ^{1, 2} was born 21 Aug 1165 in Gonesse, France. He died 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes, Yvelines, France. Phillip married Isabelle Von Hainault on 28 Apr 1180 in Bapaume, Pas-de-Calais, France.

Phillip 1 Nov 1179 Rheims, France. He.

Other marriages:

, Ingibiorg of Denmark
, Agnes of Méran

Crowned

Short of stature, stocky, with a red face, unkempt hair, and primitive notions of personal hygiene, Philip was a plain man lacking in humour, grace, and intellectual inclinations.  Yet he had real ability as a ruler, being tough on policy, clever, calculating, and far more astute than his father.  A political realist and pragmatist, he proved a crafty and greedy opportunitst.  Lacking the charm of the Angevins, he was over-cautious, timid, and even neurotic:  he would ride only docile horses and, ever suspicious, imagined there was an assassin hiding behind every tree.  He had limited military skill but achieved his victories through cunning and persistence.  His successes earned him a reputation as one of France's greatest kings.

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Isabelle Von Hainault ^{1, 2} was born 5 Apr 1170 in Valenciennes, Nord, France. She died 1190. Isabelle married King Phillip II Augustus of France on 28 Apr 1180 in Bapaume, Pas-de-Calais, France.

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King Phillip II Augustus of France [Parents] ^{1, 2} was born 21 Aug 1165 in Gonesse, France. He died 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes, Yvelines, France. Phillip married Ingibiorg of Denmark. The marriage ended in divorce.

Phillip 1 Nov 1179 Rheims, France. He.

Other marriages:

, Isabelle Von Hainault
, Agnes of Méran

Crowned

Short of stature, stocky, with a red face, unkempt hair, and primitive notions of personal hygiene, Philip was a plain man lacking in humour, grace, and intellectual inclinations.  Yet he had real ability as a ruler, being tough on policy, clever, calculating, and far more astute than his father.  A political realist and pragmatist, he proved a crafty and greedy opportunitst.  Lacking the charm of the Angevins, he was over-cautious, timid, and even neurotic:  he would ride only docile horses and, ever suspicious, imagined there was an assassin hiding behind every tree.  He had limited military skill but achieved his victories through cunning and persistence.  His successes earned him a reputation as one of France's greatest kings.

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Ingibiorg of Denmark ¹ died 1236. She married King Phillip II Augustus of France. The marriage ended in divorce.

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King Phillip II Augustus of France [Parents] ^{1, 2} was born 21 Aug 1165 in Gonesse, France. He died 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes, Yvelines, France. Phillip married Agnes of Méran on Mistress.

Phillip 1 Nov 1179 Rheims, France. He.

Other marriages:

, Isabelle Von Hainault
, Ingibiorg of Denmark

Crowned

Short of stature, stocky, with a red face, unkempt hair, and primitive notions of personal hygiene, Philip was a plain man lacking in humour, grace, and intellectual inclinations.  Yet he had real ability as a ruler, being tough on policy, clever, calculating, and far more astute than his father.  A political realist and pragmatist, he proved a crafty and greedy opportunitst.  Lacking the charm of the Angevins, he was over-cautious, timid, and even neurotic:  he would ride only docile horses and, ever suspicious, imagined there was an assassin hiding behind every tree.  He had limited military skill but achieved his victories through cunning and persistence.  His successes earned him a reputation as one of France's greatest kings.

Please contact luseaann@excite.com with any corrections/additions.

Agnes of Méran ^{1, 2} died ³ Jul 1201. She married King Phillip II Augustus of France on Mistress.

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